# 🐭 Bye Bye Mouse

<marquee>
Because real power users don’t double-click—they type :)
</marquee>

Escape the tyranny of the GUI one command at a time! This repo is your golden ticket to slick shell tricks, terminal wizardry, and keyboard-fueled productivity. Unplug that mouse and watch your workflow sprint.
</br>

## Quick Links

1. [copy a file](#copy-a-file)
1. [duplicate a file](#duplicate-a-file)
1. [copy a directory](#copy-a-directory)
1. [duplicate a directory](#duplicate-a-directory)
1. [move a file](#move-a-file)
1. [rename a file](#rename-a-file)
1. [move a directory](#move-a-directory)
1. [rename a directory](#rename-a-directory)
1. [merge directories](#merge-directories)
1. [create a new file](#create-a-new-file)
1. [create a new directory](#create-a-new-directory)
1. [show file/directory size](#show-filedirectory-size)
1. [show file/directory info](#show-filedirectory-info)
1. [open a file with the default program](#open-a-file-with-the-default-program)
1. [open a file in any application](#open-a-file-in-any-application)
1. [zip a directory](#zip-a-directory)
1. [unzip a directory](#unzip-a-directory)
1. [peek files in a zip file](#peek-files-in-a-zip-file)
1. [remove a file](#remove-a-file)
1. [remove a directory](#remove-a-directory)
1. [remove all files of certain criteria](#remove-all-files-of-certain-criteria)
1. [list directory contents](#list-directory-contents)
1. [tree view a directory and its subdirectories](#tree-view-a-directory-and-its-subdirectories)
1. [find a stale file](#find-a-stale-file)
1. [show a calendar](#show-a-calendar)
1. [find a future date](#find-a-future-date)
1. [use a calculator](#use-a-calculator)
1. [force quit a program](#force-quit-a-program)
1. [check server response](#check-server-response)
1. [view content of a file](#view-content-of-a-file)
1. [search for a text in a file](#search-for-a-text-in-a-file)
1. [search in all files in current working directory, quickly (entire disk in less than 15 minutes)](#search-in-all-files-in-current-working-directory-quickly-entire-disk-in-less-than-15-minutes)
1. [view an image](#view-an-image)
1. [show disk size](#show-disk-size)
1. [check cpu usage, processes and RAM](#check-cpu-usage-processes-and-ram)
1. [know whether your computer is under load, and whether it's due to memory or CPU](#know-whether-your-computer-is-under-load-and-whether-its-due-to-memory-or-cpu)
1. [poweroff or reboot your computer](#poweroff-or-reboot-your-computer)
1. [locate USB drives](#locate-usb-drives)
1. [unmount USB drives](#unmount-usb-drives)
1. [format USB drives](#format-usb-drives)
1. [check USB format](#check-usb-format)
1. [run command on all files of a directory](#run-command-on-all-files-of-a-directory)
1. [check network connectivity to a remote address and port](#check-network-connectivity-to-a-remote-address-and-port)
1. [check DNS config of a domain](#check-dns-config-of-a-domain)
1. [check the ownership and registration of a domain](#check-the-ownership-and-registration-of-a-domain)
<!-- 1. [Quick tips](#quick-tips) -->
1. [Hotkeys](#hotkeys)
1. [I can't remember these cryptic commands](#i-cant-remember-these-cryptic-commands)


## copy a file

**STOP DRAG AND DROPPING A FILE, OR CMD/CTRL + C, CMD/CTRL + V A FILE** :-1:

Copy `readme.txt` to the `documents` directory

```shell
$ cp readme.txt documents/
```
[Go to table of contents 🔼](#quick-links)


## duplicate a file

**STOP RIGHT CLICKING AND DUPLICATE A FILE** :-1:

```shell
$ cp readme.txt readme.bak.txt
```
More advanced:
```shell
$ cp readme{,.bak}.txt
# Note: learn how the {} works with touch foo{1,2,3}.txt and see what happens.
```
[Go to table of contents 🔼](#quick-links)


## copy a directory

**STOP DRAG AND DROPPING A DIRECTORY, OR CMD/CTRL + C, CMD/CTRL + V A DIRECTORY** :-1:

Copy `myMusic` directory to the `myMedia` directory

```shell
$ cp -a myMusic myMedia/
# or
$ cp -a myMusic/ myMedia/myMusic/
```
[Go to table of contents 🔼](#quick-links)


## duplicate a directory

**STOP RIGHT CLICKING AND DUPLICATE A DIRECTORY** :-1:

```shell
$ cp -a myMusic/ myMedia/
# or if `myMedia` folder doesn't exist
$ cp -a myMusic myMedia/
```
[Go to table of contents 🔼](#quick-links)


## move a file

**STOP DRAG AND DROPPING A FILE, OR CMD/CTRL + X, CMD/CTRL + V A FILE** :-1:

```shell
$ mv readme.txt documents/
```

**Always** use a trailing slash when moving files, [for this reason](http://unix.stackexchange.com/a/50533).

[Go to table of contents 🔼](#quick-links)

## rename a file

**STOP RIGHT CLICKING AND RENAME A FILE** :-1:

```shell
$ mv readme.txt README.md
```
[Go to table of contents 🔼](#quick-links)


## move a directory

**STOP DRAG AND DROPPING A DIRECTORY, OR CMD/CTRL + X, CMD/CTRL + V A DIRECTORY** :-1:

```shell
$ mv myMedia myMusic/
# or
$ mv myMedia/ myMusic/myMedia
```
[Go to table of contents 🔼](#quick-links)


## rename a directory

**STOP RIGHT CLICKING AND RENAME A DIRECTORY** :-1:

```shell
$ mv myMedia/ myMusic/
```
[Go to table of contents 🔼](#quick-links)


## merge directories

**STOP DRAG AND DROPPING TO MERGE DIRECTORIES** :-1:

```shell
$ rsync -a /images/ /images2/	# note: may over-write files with the same name, so be careful!
```
[Go to table of contents 🔼](#quick-links)


## create a new file

**STOP RIGHT CLICKING AND CREATE A NEW FILE** :-1:

```shell
$ touch 'new file'    # updates the file's access and modification timestamp if it already exists
# or
$ > 'new file'        # note: erases the content if it already exists
```
[Go to table of contents 🔼](#quick-links)


## create a new directory

**STOP RIGHT CLICKING AND CREATE A NEW DIRECTORY** :-1:

```shell
$ mkdir 'untitled folder'
# or
$ mkdir -p 'path/may/not/exist/untitled folder'
```
[Go to table of contents 🔼](#quick-links)


## show file/directory size

**STOP RIGHT CLICKING AND SHOW FILE/directory INFO** :-1:

```shell
$ du -sh node_modules/
```
[Go to table of contents 🔼](#quick-links)


## show file/directory info

**STOP RIGHT CLICKING AND SHOW FILE/DIRECTORY INFO** :-1:

```shell
$ stat -x readme.md   # on macOS
$ stat readme.md      # on Linux
```
[Go to table of contents 🔼](#quick-links)


## open a file with the default program

**STOP DOUBLE CLICKING ON A FILE** :-1:

```shell
$ xdg-open file   # on Linux
$ open file       # on MacOS
$ start file      # on Windows
```
[Go to table of contents 🔼](#quick-links)


## open a file in any application

**STOP RIGHT CLICKING AND OPEN WITH** :-1:

```shell
$ open -a appName file
```
[Go to table of contents 🔼](#quick-links)


## zip a directory

**STOP RIGHT CLICKING AND COMPRESS DIRECTORY** :-1:

```shell
$ zip -r archive_name.zip folder_to_compress
```
[Go to table of contents 🔼](#quick-links)


## unzip a directory

**STOP RIGHT CLICKING AND UNCOMPRESS DIRECTORY** :-1:

```shell
$ unzip archive_name.zip
```
[Go to table of contents 🔼](#quick-links)


## decompress files of any format

**STOP RIGHT CLICKING AND UNCOMPRESS DIRECTORY** :-1:

```shell
$ unar archive_name.zip
$ unar archive_name.7z
$ unar archive_name.rar
$ unar archive_name.ISO
$ unar archive_name.tar.gz
```
[Go to table of contents 🔼](#quick-links)


## peek files in a zip file

**STOP USING WinRAR** :-1:

```shell
$ zipinfo archive_name.zip
# or
$ unzip -l archive_name.zip
```
[Go to table of contents 🔼](#quick-links)


## peek files in a compress file of any format

**STOP USING WinRAR** :-1:

```shell
$ lsar -l archive_name.zip
$ lsar -l archive_name.7z
$ lsar -l archive_name.ISO
$ lsar -l archive_name.rar
$ lsar -l archive_name.tar.gz
```
[Go to table of contents 🔼](#quick-links)


## remove a file

**STOP RIGHT CLICKING AND DELETE A FILE PERMANENTLY** :-1:

```shell
$ rm my_useless_file
```

**IMPORTANT**: The `rm` command deletes `my_useless_file` permanently, which is equivalent to move `my_useless_file` to Recycle Bin and hit Empty Recycle Bin.

[Go to table of contents 🔼](#quick-links)

## remove a directory

**STOP RIGHT CLICKING AND DELETE A DIRECTORY PERMANENTLY** :-1:

```shell
$ rm -r my_useless_folder
```
[Go to table of contents 🔼](#quick-links)


## remove all files of certain criteria

```shell
$ find . -name "*.bak" -type f -delete
```

**IMPORTANT**: run `find . -name "*.bak" -type f` first to see exactly which files you will remove.

[Go to table of contents 🔼](#quick-links)

## list directory contents

**STOP OPENING YOUR FINDER OR FILE EXPLORER** :-1:

```shell
$ ls my_folder        # Simple
$ ls -la my_folder    # -l: show in list format. -a: show all files, including hidden. -la combines those options.
$ ls -ltrha my_folder # -r: reverse output. -t: sort by time (modified). -h: output human-readable sizes.
```
[Go to table of contents 🔼](#quick-links)


## tree view a directory and its subdirectories

**STOP OPENING YOUR FINDER OR FILE EXPLORER** :-1:

```shell
$ tree                                                        # on Linux
$ find . -print | sed -e 's;[^/]*/;|____;g;s;____|; |;g'      # on MacOS
# Note: install homebrew (https://brew.sh) to be able to use (some) Linux utilities such as tree.
# brew install tree
```
[Go to table of contents 🔼](#quick-links)


## find a stale file

**STOP USING YOUR FILE EXPLORER TO FIND A FILE** :-1:

Find all files modified more than 5 days ago

```shell
$ find my_folder -mtime +5
```
[Go to table of contents 🔼](#quick-links)


## show a calendar

**STOP LOOKING UP WHAT THIS MONTH LOOKS LIKE BY CALENDAR WIDGETS** :-1:

Display a text calendar

```shell
$ cal
```
Display selected month and year calendar

```shell
$ cal 11 2018
```
[Go to table of contents 🔼](#quick-links)


## find a future date

**STOP USING WEBAPPS TO CALCULATE FUTURE DATES** :-1:

What is today's date?

```shell
$ date +%m/%d/%Y
```

What about a week from now?

```shell
$ date -d "+7 days"                                           # on Linux
$ date -j -v+7d                                               # on MacOS
```
[Go to table of contents 🔼](#quick-links)


## use a calculator

**STOP USING CALCULATOR WIDGET** :-1:

```shell
$ bc -l
```
[Go to table of contents 🔼](#quick-links)


## force quit a program

**STOP CTRL + ALT + DELETE and choose the program to kill** :-1:

```shell
$ killall -9 program_name
```
[Go to table of contents 🔼](#quick-links)


## check server response

**STOP OPENING A BROWSER** :-1:

```shell
$ curl -i rbtreevi.web.app
# curl's -i (--include) option includes HTTP response headers in its output.
```
[Go to table of contents 🔼](#quick-links)


## view content of a file

**STOP DOUBLE CLICKING A FILE** :-1:

```shell
$ cat apps/settings.py
# if the file is too big to fit on one page, you can use a 'pager' (less) which shows you one page at a time.
$ less apps/settings.py
```
[Go to table of contents 🔼](#quick-links)


## search for a text in a file

**STOP CMD/CTRL + F IN A FILE** :-1:

```shell
$ grep -i "Query" file.txt
```

[Go to table of contents 🔼](#quick-links)


## search in all files in current working directory, quickly (entire disk in less than 15 minutes)

**STOP CMD/CTRL + F IN A DIRECTORY** :-1:

```shell
$ ripgrep -i "Query"
# brew install ripgrep
```
[Go to table of contents 🔼](#quick-links)


## view an image

**STOP USING PREVIEW** :-1:

```shell
$ imgcat image.png
# Note: requires iTerm2 terminal.
```
[Go to table of contents 🔼](#quick-links)


## show disk size

**STOP RIGHT CLICKING DISK ICON OR OPENING DISK UTILITY** :-1:

```shell
$ df -h
```
[Go to table of contents 🔼](#quick-links)


## check cpu usage, processes and RAM

**STOP OPENING YOUR ACTIVITY MONITOR OR TASK MANAGER** :-1:

```shell
$ top
```
if you want some more details:
```shell
$ htop
```

[Go to table of contents 🔼](#quick-links)


## know whether your computer is under load, and whether it's due to memory or CPU

```shell
$ glances
# brew install glances
# pip install --user 'glances[all]'
```
[Go to table of contents 🔼](#quick-links)


## poweroff or reboot your computer

This can be useful when you're patching a server that is accessed via SSH and you don't have a GUI.

```shell
# poweroff
$ sudo shutdown -h now
# reboot
$ sudo shutdown -r now
```
[Go to table of contents 🔼](#quick-links)


## locate USB drives

```shell
$ df
```
[Go to table of contents 🔼](#quick-links)


## unmount USB drives

```shell
$ sudo umount /dev/sdb1
```
[Go to table of contents 🔼](#quick-links)


## format USB drives

```shell
# FAT32
$ sudo mkfs.vfat /dev/sdb1
# NTFS
$ sudo mkfs.ntfs /dev/sdb1
# exFAT
$ sudo mkfs.exfat /dev/sdb1
```
[Go to table of contents 🔼](#quick-links)


## check USB format

```shell
$ sudo fsck /dev/sdb1
```
[Go to table of contents 🔼](#quick-links)


## run command on all files of a directory

**STOP CLICKING THE FILES ONE BY ONE** :-1:

```shell
$ for FILE in *; do echo $FILE; done
```
[Go to table of contents 🔼](#quick-links)

## check network connectivity to a remote address and port

**STOP USING NETWORK UTILITY**

```shell
$ nc -vz www.google.com 443
$ nc -vz 1.1.1.1 53
```

[Go to table of contents 🔼](#quick-links)

## check DNS config of a domain

**STOP USING NETWORK UTILITY**

```shell
$ dig www.google.com
```

[Go to table of contents 🔼](#quick-links)

## check the ownership and registration of a domain

**STOP USING NETWORK UTILITY AND THE WEBSITE OF DOMAIN REGISTRATION PROVIDERS**

```shell
$ whois www.google.com
```

[Go to table of contents 🔼](#quick-links)

<!-- ## Quick tips

![CLI tips](./cli_tips.jpg)

[Go to table of contents 🔼](#quick-links) -->

## Hotkeys

| Hotkey | Description |
|----------|-------------|
| <kbd>Ctrl</kbd>+<kbd>A</kbd> | Go to the beginning of the line you are currently typing on |
| <kbd>Ctrl</kbd>+<kbd>E</kbd> | Go to the end of the line you are currently typing on |
| <kbd>Ctrl</kbd>+<kbd>L</kbd> | Clears the Screen, similar to the clear command |
| <kbd>Ctrl</kbd>+<kbd>U</kbd> | Clears the line before the cursor position. If you are at the end of the line, clears the entire line. |
| <kbd>Ctrl</kbd>+<kbd>H</kbd> | Same as backspace |
| <kbd>Ctrl</kbd>+<kbd>R</kbd> | Lets you search through previously used commands |
| <kbd>Ctrl</kbd>+<kbd>C</kbd> | Kill whatever you are running |
| <kbd>Ctrl</kbd>+<kbd>D</kbd> | Exit the current shell |
| <kbd>Ctrl</kbd>+<kbd>Z</kbd> | Puts whatever you are running into a suspended background process. fg restores it. |
| <kbd>Ctrl</kbd>+<kbd>W</kbd> | Delete the word before the cursor |
| <kbd>Ctrl</kbd>+<kbd>K</kbd> | Clear the line after the cursor |
| <kbd>Ctrl</kbd>+<kbd>T</kbd> | Swap the last two characters before the cursor |
| <kbd>Ctrl</kbd>+<kbd>F</kbd> | Move cursor forward one character |
| <kbd>Ctrl</kbd>+<kbd>B</kbd> | Move cursor backward one character |
| <kbd>Esc</kbd>+<kbd>T</kbd> | Swap the last two words before the cursor |
| <kbd>Alt</kbd>+<kbd>T</kbd> | Same as <kbd>Esc</kbd> + <kbd>T</kbd> |
| <kbd>Alt</kbd>+<kbd>F</kbd> | Move cursor forward one word on the current line |
| <kbd>Alt</kbd>+<kbd>B</kbd> | Move cursor backward one word on the current line |
| <kbd>Esc</kbd>+<kbd>F</kbd> | Same as <kbd>Alt</kbd> + <kbd>F</kbd> |
| <kbd>Esc</kbd>+<kbd>B</kbd> | Same as <kbd>Alt</kbd> + <kbd>B</kbd> |
| <kbd>Alt</kbd>+<kbd>.</kbd> | Paste the last word of the most recently command |
| <kbd>Tab</kbd> | Auto-complete files and directory names |
[Go to table of contents 🔼](#quick-links)

## I can't remember these cryptic commands

You can always google or `man` the commands you are not familiar with. Or, checkout [tldr](https://github.com/tldr-pages/tldr), a collection of simplified and community-driven man pages.

[Go to table of contents 🔼](#quick-links)